The sport of hockey served as a setting for the investigation of the relationships between both Machiavellianism and I-E locus of control and three behavioural indices of aggression. Physical aggression, challenge to authority, and total aggression were positively related to Mach V scores and I-E locus of control, the only exception being I-E and physical aggression. Goal scoring, as a performance measure, was positively related to challenge to authority and total aggression while assists were highly correlated with all measures of aggression and I-E locus of control. Measures of precautionary behaviour were generally unrelated to the scales.
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Gordon Russell (1974) studied this question.
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