Dark photorefractive photovoltaic spatial solitons are demonstrated at 532 nm in nominally undoped and slightly Fe-doped LiNbO(3) planar optical waveguides. The spatial solitons are observed in a transient regime before transverse modulation instability occurs. Their widths are intensity independent as predicted by theory. Meanwhile, excited mode distribution and Fe-doping concentration are shown to influence soliton width. The guiding properties of soliton-induced waveguides are also presented.
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Chauvet et al. (2001) studied this question.
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