Quorum of observables for universal quantum estimation

Quantum tomography is the process of reconstructing the ensemble average of an arbitrary operator (observable or not, including the density matrix), which may not be directly accessible by feasible detection schemes, starting from the measurement of a complete set of observables i.e. a quorum . The measurement of a quorum thus represents a complete characterization of the quantum state. The operator expression in terms of a quorum corresponds to an expansion on an irreducible set of operators in the Liouville space. We give two general characterizations of these sets, and show that all the known quantum tomographies can be described in this framework. New operatorial resolutions are also given that may be used in novel reconstruction schemes.