Bacterial catalase-responsive colorimetric array driven by nanozyme cascade for pathogen identification and phenotypic susceptibility testing

. Furthermore, by monitoring real-time changes in catalase activity upon antibiotic exposure, the platform enables phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) with a rapid assay time of ∼75 min for standardized bacterial suspensions, expediting the evaluation process compared to culture-based methods. Validated in water samples and clinical isolates, the AST results showed good agreement with the clinical laboratory standards institute (CLSI) gold standard. Therefore, this nanozyme-driven, single-probe sensor array provides a sensitive, and cost-effective tool for integrated pathogen identification and rapid AST.