Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Polish Elite Athletes

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. mtDNA haplogroup distribution among power athletes, endurance athletes, and controls.

• 

  Figure 2. Distribution of rare (≤0.5%) mtDNA variants in athletes and controls. Mean values are marked with a cross (all athletes 2.81 ± 2.26, power athletes 2.73 ± 1.92, endurance athletes 2.89 ± 2.61, control group 3.18 ± 2.40, mean ± SD). The differences were not statistically significant (P + E vs. C p = 0.17, P vs. C p = 0.27, E vs. C p = 0.26, P vs. E p = 0.76, Mann–Whitney test).

• 

  Figure 3. Frequency of power and endurance athletes and controls with 0, 1, 2 or more heteroplasmic mtDNA variants (P + E vs. C p = 0.0079, P vs. C p = 0.07, E vs. C p = 0.01, P vs. E p = 0.51, Mann–Whitney test).

• 

  Figure 4. Distribution of synonymous and non-synonymous mtDNA variants in study groups. (A), non-synonymous (NS) variants, (B), synonymous (S) variants, (C), proportions of non-synonymous variants to all variants (NS/NS + S). Mean values are marked with a cross. No statistically significant differences were observed (NS: P + E vs. C p = 0.14, P vs. C p = 0.31, E vs. C p = 0.17, P vs. E p = 0.49; S: P + E vs. C p = 0.47, P vs. C p = 0.79, E vs. C p = 0.35, P vs. E p = 0.51; NS/(NS + S): P + E vs. C p = 0.98, P vs. C p = 0.75, E vs. C p = 0.78, P vs. E p = 0.63, Mann–Whitney test).

• 

  Figure 5. Distribution of mtDNA copy number in blood (nP = 27, nE = 42, nC = 68) and saliva (nP = 23, nE = 5, nC = 30) in athletes and controls. Mean values are marked with a cross (blood: all athletes 71 ± 22, power athletes 75 ± 20, endurance athletes 67 ± 23, controls 83 ± 17; saliva: all athletes 94 ± 38, power athletes 92 ± 38, endurance athletes 107 ± 38, controls 127 ± 64, mean ± SD). Statistical significance of differences: blood P + E vs. C p = 0.00028, E vs. C p = 0.00005 (P vs. C p = 0.13, P vs. E p = 0.079); saliva P + E vs. C p = 0.034, P vs. C p = 0.024 (E vs. C p = 0.64, P vs. E p = 0.35), Mann–Whitney test.