Mycobacterium avium infection complicating congenital bronchial atresia

Bronchial atresia is a rare congenital malformation that is often complicated by infectious disease; however, mycobacterial infection is rare. Here we report a case of Mycobacterium avium infection complicating congenital bronchial atresia. A 50-year-old woman consulted our institution for further investigation of a nodular lesion in an emphysematous lung due to congenital bronchial atresia. Because we were unable to rule out malignant disease, we performed video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. After left S8 segmentectomy, the nodular lesion were diagnosed as Mycobacterial avium infection. Three years after surgery, there has been no recurrence of mycobacterium infection in the absence of medication.