During annealing of steels different kinds of enrichments are observed on steel surfaces.Equilibrium segregation of a dissolved element leads to 6nrichment in the range of a monolayer, two interacting elements can form two-dimensional compounds by cosegregation and also chemisorption induced segregation leads to monolayer surface compounds.If the concentrations or pressures are exceededwhich are necessary for the formation of three-dimensional bulk compounds,enrichments occur due to surface precipitation resp.oxidation.On the other hand, oxidation can cause segregation or accumulations of dissolved elements beneath the oxide scale.Thesedifferent phenomena are fundamentally discussed and examples are presented, which are important in the steel production and for the steel properties.
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Grabke et al. (1995) studied this question.
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