Key result
Postural-cognitive training limits theta activity increases post-CABG compared to visual-motor training.
Why the study?
To investigate changes in theta activity and localization of its sources using sLORETA across two variants of multitasking cognitive training in the early postoperative period of CABG.
Does multitasking cognitive training with a postural balance task prevent postoperative theta activity changes compared to visual-motor reaction training in patients after CABG?
RCT (n=54)
Single-blind
Pseudo-randomized
No
Does multitasking cognitive training with a postural balance task prevent postoperative theta activity changes compared to visual-motor reaction training in patients after CABG?
Absolute Event Rate: -14.3% vs -43.2%
p-value: p=0.04
Multitasking cognitive training incorporating a postural balance task may reduce the severity of damaging neurocognitive effects in the early postoperative period after CABG.
Hypothesis-generating for balance multitasking to limit post-CABG neurocognitive EEG changes; larger trials required before practice consideration.
The study investigated the changes in theta activity and localization of its sources by standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in patients who have underwent two variants of multitasking cognitive training (CT) in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Two groups were formed in a pseudo-random way, which differed according to the type of motor problem used: CT I (n = 27) – a postural balance task and CT II (n = 27) – a simple visual-motor reaction. Cognitive tasks were the same for both groups (counting backwards, verbal fluency, and unusual uses for common objects). Daily sessions of CT were held from the 3rd to 4th day after CABG, with a duration of 5 minutes on the 1st day of training and up to 20 minutes on the 6th to 7th day of training. The current density of theta rhythm sources was lower before CABG than after surgery in the CT II group only. The most significant differences are in the Brodmann area 31, the parietal occipital lobes and precuneus, which may indicate damage associated with cardiac surgery. This effect was not observed in the CT I group. The results of our study demonstrated the informativeness of sLORETA indicators to determine an effective cognitive recovery option after CABG. The reduction of the severity of damaging effects of CABG during training using cognitive tasks and postural balance task was shown. Further research is needed to determine the optimal mode and duration of cognitive training to maximize the functional reserves of such patients.
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Kupriyanova et al. (2024) conducted an RCT in Stable ischemic heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n=54). Multitasking cognitive training with postural balance task (CT I) vs. Multitasking cognitive training with simple visual-motor reaction (CT II) was evaluated on Relative change in spectral power of theta-rhythm biopotentials (p=0.04). Multitasking cognitive training with a postural balance task resulted in a significantly smaller postoperative increase in theta activity (-14.3% vs -43.2%, p=0.04) compared to a visual-motor task.
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