Exalted Electric Output via Piezoelectric–Triboelectric Coupling/Sustainable Butterfly Wing Structure Type Multiunit Hybrid Nanogenerator

The scalable synthesis of an irregular composite surface impregnated with high-performance piezoelectric 0.3Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 TiO 3 –0.7BaSn 0.12 Ti 0.88 O 3 nanoparticles (0.3BCT–0.7BST NPs) for enhancing the power density of hybrid nanogenerators (H-NGs) using a contact–separation structure is reported for the first time. The designed high-performance butterfly wing structure type multiunit system, consisting of four simple arc-shaped H-NGs, has dual functionality as a stand-alone power source for light-emitting diodes and charging Li coin cells and as a self-powered air pressure sensor. Manyfold increments of the open-circuit voltage ( V OC(p–p) = 572 V) and short-circuit current ( I SC(p–p) = 1.752 mA) were observed for H-NG with an irregular surface compared with a piezoelectric nanogenerator (P-NG) ( V OC(p–p) = 53 V, I SC(p–p) = 2.366 μA). Compared with the power density of a flat surface based H-NG (333 W/m 2 ), the power density of a single arc-shaped H-NG with an irregular surface was 4-fold higher at 1336 W/m 2, and that with a micropillar surface was twice as high (632 W/m 2 ). A high functional property of fillers along with polydimethylsiloxane matrix improves the surface charge density of the composite film. The surface charge density of the H-NG was greatly influenced by the distance between the active layers, micropores, thickness, relative permittivity, and applied force.