Key result
Rotavirus vaccination linked to fewer gastroenteritis hospitalizations in children under five, but not older children.
Why the study?
This study extended previous research evaluating seasonal rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations to assess the incidence in children aged <10 years before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Japan.
Does the introduction of rotavirus vaccines reduce RVGE hospitalizations in children aged <10 years?
Observational
Does the introduction of rotavirus vaccines reduce RVGE hospitalizations in children aged <10 years?
The introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Japan led to a sustained reduction in RVGE hospitalizations in children under 5 years of age.
Supports rotavirus vaccination impact in children <5 years; leaves open effectiveness and durability in those aged 5-<10 years.
This is an extension of our previous study, which evaluated the incidence of seasonal rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) hospitalizations in children aged <5 years from 2009 to 2015 in Japan. Here, we evaluated the incidence of RVGE hospitalizations in children aged <10 years during the rotavirus season (January‒June) from 2009 to 2017 in Japan, before and after the monovalent and pentavalent rotavirus vaccines were introduced in November 2011 and July 2012, using the same health insurance claims database and study methods. In children aged <5 years, the incidence of RVGE hospitalizations greatly declined in 2014 after vaccine introduction, consistent with our previous findings, and the decline was sustained until 2017. However, in children aged ≥5‒<10 years, no apparent trend for a continuous decline in RVGE hospitalizations was observed during the study period. Improved RV vaccination coverage may lead to a further reduction in severe RVGE in Japan.
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Kobayashi et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). Introduction of monovalent and pentavalent rotavirus vaccines vs. Pre-vaccine introduction period was evaluated on Incidence of RVGE hospitalizations. Introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Japan led to a sustained decline in rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations in children aged <5 years through 2017, but not in those aged 5 to <10 years.
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