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Study selection criteriaThe selection criteria were as follows:• human studies with minimum samples sizes of 5 (In vitro studies, animal studies, case reports, technique articles, opinion papers reviews and in-vitro studies were excluded).• randomized controlled trial and nonrandomized studies with low or moderate risk of bias.• implants with a diameter <2.5 mm (larger implants would not classify for specific orthodontic indications, e.g., interradicular positioning).• orthodontic forces acting for a minimum of 3 months.Success was selected as the primary outcome.An orthodontic mini-implant was considered successful when it could be loaded with orthodontic forces and fulfill its anchorage objectives during a minimum period of 4 months.Orthodontic mini-implants, that were lost or had become unusable, were considered to be failures.This
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Beltrami et al. (2015) studied this question.
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