Key result
Habitual cigarette smoking linked to ~13% lower VO2max and reduced gas exchange efficiency vs nonsmokers.
Why the study?
The effects of habitual cigarette smoking on cardiorespiratory responses to sub-maximal and maximal exercise in healthy adults were evaluated to understand smoking-related physiological changes.
Does habitual cigarette smoking impair cardiorespiratory responses to sub-maximal and maximal exercise in adults?
Population
Nine adult nonsmokers and nine smokers with mean age 33 years
Comparison
Habitual smokers vs nonsmokers
Design
Cross-sectional study
Authors
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Smoking may impair relative fitness via adiposity; leaves open direct causal effects on cardiorespiratory responses independent of weight.
Cross-Sectional (n=18)
No
Does habitual cigarette smoking impair cardiorespiratory responses to sub-maximal and maximal exercise in adults?
Effect estimate: 13% lower
Absolute Event Rate: 40.7% vs 46.7%
p-value: p=0.03
Habitual smoking in apparently healthy adults significantly impairs cardiorespiratory efficiency and heart rate recovery even at moderate exercise levels.
Kobayashi et al. (2004) conducted a cross-sectional in Healthy (n=18). Habitual cigarette smoking vs. Nonsmokers was evaluated on VO2max per kg body weight (ml/min/kg) (13% lower, p=0.03). Habitual cigarette smoking in healthy adult males was associated with a 13% lower VO2max per kg body weight and reduced gas exchange efficiency during sub-maximal exercise compared to nonsmokers.
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