Delay at Signal-Controlled Intersection with Bus Stop Upstream

Because of the tight constraints on many streets in urban areas, it is not uncommon to situate a bus stop upstream of a signal-controlled intersection without the provision of a proper bus bay or setback. For a single-lane approach, where the overtaking of a stopped bus at the bus stop is prohibited, the setup of such a bus stop would significantly affect the delay incurred by road users. It is believed that the delay in such situations depends on a number of factors, such as the distance between bus stop and stop line, traffic and bus flows, dwell time of buses and signal settings. In this paper, a simulation model for estimating the delay on an approach to a signal-controlled intersection with a bus stop upstream is developed. To test the reliability of the model, field surveys were conducted to validate the simulation model. A good agreement between the observed and simulation results was obtained. When the simulation model was used, a new delay formula was established and calibrated for use in the design of a signal-controlled intersection.