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Membranes are fabricated as a three-dimensional network of interconnected proton-conducting ionomer nanofibers that are embedded in an inert polymer matrix. The inert polymer controls water swelling of the nanofibers, thus permitting the fibers to have an ion-exchange capacity much greater than that which is practical in a homogeneous membrane. Such a high ion-exchange capacity membrane is needed for proton conduction in a hydrogen/air fuel cell that operates at high temperature and low humidity conditions.
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Choi et al. (2010) studied this question.
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