Anemia in Pregnancy: Exploring Non-Iron Deficiency Causes

Anemia in pregnancy is a global health concern, with significant implications for maternal and fetal outcomes. While iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains the most prevalent form, non-iron deficiency causes of anemia are increasingly recognized and require attention. These include vitamin deficiencies (folate and vitamin B12), hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease and thalassemias, anemia of chronic disease, infectious diseases, and rare bone marrow disorders. These conditions differ in their etiology and management, underscoring the need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The consequences of non-iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy are profound, ranging from maternal fatigue and increased infection susceptibility to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental impairments in offspring. Misdiagnosis or delayed recognition of these forms of anemia often leads to suboptimal management and worsened health outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes is essential for improving maternal care and mitigating associated risks.