Key result
Low discharge hemoglobin, longer stays, and higher Charlson scores are linked to increased 90-day surgical readmissions.
Why the study?
Unplanned hospital readmissions after major surgery significantly impact patient well-being and healthcare resources, necessitating targeted interventions to reduce readmissions.
What are the causes and risk factors for unplanned readmission within 90 days after major surgery?
Cohort (n=22,143)
No
What are the causes and risk factors for unplanned readmission within 90 days after major surgery?
p-value: p=<0.001
Discharge hemoglobin < 100 g/L, prolonged hospital stay, and higher comorbidity burden are significant risk factors for 90-day unplanned readmission after major surgery.
Identifies high-risk patients for targeted post-discharge interventions after major surgery; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation.
Summary Introduction Unplanned hospital readmissions after surgery are substantial drivers of expenditure and bed occupancy within the healthcare system. As a result, any targeted interventions that reduce readmission in this population can have a significant impact on patient well‐being and the health budget. Methods We performed a large retrospective cohort study analysing data from patients from our institution who underwent major surgery between 1 May 2011 and 1 February 2022. We aimed primarily to study the epidemiology of patients who were readmitted within 90 days of discharge following an index procedure, as well as the reason(s) and risk factors for readmission. These complex, non‐linear relationships were modelled with restricted cubic splines. Results We identified 22,143 patients undergoing major surgery within the defined study period, of whom 1801 (12%) had an unplanned readmission. The most common reason for unplanned readmission across the entire cohort was wound complication, which was the primary cause identified in 232 (11%) readmissions. Ileus or small bowel obstruction was the primary cause of readmission identified following abdominal surgery, compared with pneumonia following thoracic surgery, mechanical injury following orthopaedic surgery and wound complication following cardiac surgery. A discharge haemoglobin concentration of < 100 g.l ‐1 (p < 0.001), duration of hospital stay of 14–30 days (p < 0.001) and Charlson comorbidity index score ≥ 2 (p < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of unplanned readmission. No association was found with patient age or duration of surgery. Discussion Our study identified the causes of readmission after major surgery from a range of surgical specialties. An improved understanding of the causes of and risk factors for unplanned readmissions will enable the development of targeted interventions that can minimise the burden of unplanned readmissions after major surgery on patients and the larger healthcare system.
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Evans et al. (2025) conducted a cohort in Major surgery (n=22,143). Risk factors (discharge hemoglobin <100 g/L, hospital stay 14-30 days, Charlson score ≥2) was evaluated on Unplanned readmission within 90 days of discharge (p=<0.001). Among patients undergoing major surgery, 12% had an unplanned 90-day readmission, with discharge hemoglobin <100 g/L, stay of 14-30 days, and Charlson score ≥2 increasing the odds (all P<0.001).
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