Extended Reality as a New Farming Tool for Enhancing Smart Agriculture and Precision Farming

Extended reality (XR) is increasingly being explored as a new farming tool that links digital information with physical agricultural environments. Although studies have reported the potential of XR-based human–computer interfaces for agricultural decision-making, operations, and training, the technological pathways, effectiveness, and interdisciplinary implications of these approaches remain incompletely synthesized. This scoping review examines XR application models, enabling technologies, and implementation across crop monitoring, livestock and aquaculture management, agricultural machinery, and education. The reviewed studies indicate that XR can support task-specific perception–analysis–visualization–guidance workflows and may facilitate a shift from experience-based to data-informed decisions, with improvements in precision, efficiency, and safety reported under the tested conditions. We further map the XR technology spectrum and its integration with key enabling technologies, highlighting how these factors jointly shape system performance and field-deployment potential. Major barriers include outdoor adaptability, deployment cost, software integration, data privacy, and limited long-term validation in real agricultural environments. Further progress requires technological integration, interdisciplinary collaboration, cost control, and user-centered design. This review provides researchers, developers, and practitioners with a roadmap for XR solutions that address practical agricultural needs and support greener, more intelligent, and sustainable production.