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May 29, 2025Archives of Medical ScienceOpen Access

A 360° Perspective on Cardiovascular Prevention: the International Lipid Expert Panel SiMple tIps for the heaLthy hEart (ILEP-SMILE)

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Why the study?

Despite extensive research, effective prevention of ASCVD and related CVD events remains elusive, with limited healthcare investment in primary prevention and few integrated programmes worldwide.

Population

General population and individuals at risk for ASCVD

Comparison

ILEP-SMILE comprehensive population approach vs current prevention practices

Design

Review and guideline from the International Lipid Expert Panel

Key result

The ILEP-SMILE approach provides a comprehensive cardiovascular prevention strategy integrating traditional risk factors with sleep hygiene, stress management, alcohol moderation, and Lp(a) screening.

Authors

MBMaciej BanachFFFederica FogacciAAAtanas G. Atanasov

Discussion

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Overview

Supports holistic CV prevention integrating sleep, stress, alcohol, and Lp(a); extends traditional models with adherence-focused implementation.

Key Points

  • To present a comprehensive population-level cardiovascular prevention strategy addressing conventional and neglected risk factors to curtail the global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
  • Conducted an international expert panel review synthesizing primary prevention models and implementation challenges.
  • Evaluated conventional cardiovascular risk markers alongside under-measured factors including lipoprotein(a), sleep disturbances, alcohol consumption, mental stress, and patient therapy adherence.
  • Identified that minimal healthcare budgets are allocated globally to coordinated primary cardiovascular prevention despite atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease being the leading worldwide cause of death.
  • Established the ILEP-SMILE framework emphasizing early population education, systematic evaluation of overlooked risk factors, and adherence optimization to achieve meaningful clinical impact.

Structured PICO

P
Population
General population and individuals at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)
I
Intervention
International Lipid Expert Panel SiMple tIps for the heaLthy hEart (ILEP-SMILE) comprehensive population approach
O
Outcome
Prevention of ASCVD and incident CVD events

The ILEP-SMILE initiative provides a comprehensive, expert-driven framework for cardiovascular prevention that emphasizes holistic risk factor management and patient adherence.

Limitations

  • Clinical quantification and management of stress remain challenging.
  • Current clinical guidelines inadequately incorporate emerging risk factors such as sleep, stress, and alcohol.

Cite This Study

Banach et al. (2025) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease. ILEP-SMILE approach was evaluated. The ILEP-SMILE approach provides a comprehensive cardiovascular prevention strategy integrating traditional risk factors with sleep hygiene, stress management, alcohol moderation, and Lp(a) screening.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aaa5dddbdb30b5c2feb8a4dhttps://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/205732
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Cardiovascular primary prevention – directed approach for individual features2019
  2. 2The European Program for Prevention (EPP) – Implementing Proven Preventing Measures Now!2025 · 4 citations
  3. 3The European Program for Prevention (EPP) – Implementing Proven Preventing Measures Now!2025
  4. 4The CARDIOLIPID Plan: A Cardiovascular Risk-centred Implementation Framework for the Diagnosis and Management of Dyslipidaemia: Experts’ Proposal2026 · 1 citations
  5. 5Cholesterol-Lowering Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The Importance of Intensive Treatment and the Simplification of Medical Therapy2024 · 14 citations