Key result
Electrical nerve stimulation of cat skeletal muscle reveals a linear second-order frequency response model.
Why the study?
The frequency response characteristics of different skeletal muscles in the hindlimb and their relation to muscle function and anatomy were not fully characterized.
The frequency response model of cat hindlimb skeletal muscles can be described as a linear second-order system with double real poles and a pure time delay, predictable by anatomical and functional characteristics.
May guide preclinical neuromuscular models; leaves open human translation and clinical validation.
The frequency response model of nine different skeletal muscles in the hindlimb of the cat was determined with the aide of electrical nerve stimulation which allows orderly stimulation of motor units concurrently with firing rate increase. It was shown that the general model consists of a linear second-order system with double real poles and a pure time delay. The pole values were different for the different muscles, ranging from 1.55 to 2.8 Hz. Similarly, the pure time delay varied from muscle to muscle, ranging from 8 to 17 ms. Statistical analysis demonstrates that under isometric contraction with force oscillations in the range of 10-90% of maximal the model poles are determined, and could be predicted, from the muscles functional and anatomical location in the limb and from its pennation pattern.
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Baratta et al. (1990) studied this question. Electrical nerve stimulation was evaluated on Frequency response model (pole values and time delay). Electrical nerve stimulation of cat hindlimb skeletal muscles revealed a frequency response model consisting of a linear second-order system with double real poles and a pure time delay.
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