A procedure has been developed for determining the water transport numbers in an ion-exchange membrane by the gravimetric method. Based on a comparative study of this characteristic by the volumetric and gravimetric methods, the experimental conditions (current density, duration of the experiment, and the concentration range of the electrolyte solution) have been found under which the water transport numbers differ by no more than 5%. The electroosmotic permeability, water content, and electrical conductivity of a heterogeneous cation-exchange membrane MK-40 have been studied in a wide range of concentrations of sodium chloride and sulfate solutions. The influence of the nature of the coion on the equilibrium and dynamic hydration characteristics of a heterogeneous membrane has been evaluated. Using the representation of the membrane as a two-phase system, the structure of the hydrated fixed ion–counterion complex has been quantitatively characterized and the hydration numbers of the sulfo group, the sodium counterion, and the sulfate ion in solution have been calculated.
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Nazyrova et al. (2022) studied this question.
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