Attributes of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery disease: a Doppler ultrasound assessment

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation of the artery wall caused by injury to the vascular endothelium and influenced by many different risk factors. Carotid stenosis is a crucial marker of cardiovascular risk that is especially relevant among men over the age of 65. Treatment and diagnostic methods for carotid disease are the subject of debate. This integrative review analyses research on Doppler ultrasonography assessment of atherosclerotic plaques. Searches of the PubMed and SciELO databases identified 69 articles, 16 of which provided details of this method of analysis. Doppler ultrasound has become the technique most often used because it is non-invasive and provides detailed information on plaque morphology and blood flow. Doppler ultrasonography enables comprehensive evaluation of plaques, identifying their morphological characteristics and estimating the risk of complications. It is concluded that Doppler ultrasonography is essential for assessment of carotid disease, enabling a noninvasive and detailed assessment and contributing to early identification of high-risk patients and improving clinical results.