A novel Na vapor cell has been constructed for use at temperatures up to 500 °C. High-vacuum sapphire-to-metal seals have been made without brazing by use of copper gaskets placed between the sapphire windows and kovar compression rings. Careful design of cell dimensions allows for matched thermal expansion rates and thus the vacuum seal maintains its integrity over a very large temperature range (0°–750 °C).
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Arthur Zajonc (1980) studied this question.
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