The Hidden Costs of Virtual Learning: Impact of Online Education on K-12 Student Attrition During COVID-19

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

With the rapid expansion of virtual learning platforms, understanding the effect of online education on K-12 students is crucial for future innovation in education or another pandemic. This study investigates the effects of virtual learning on K-12 students’ temporary and permanent dropout during COVID-19, using two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) with national samples. Findings reveal a significant increase in student dropout rates attributable to online education, with underprivileged students more likely to discontinue their learning when schools provide virtual learning. The implications underscore the need for targeted interventions and enhancements in virtual learning environments to mitigate dropout risks and ensure educational equity and attainment.