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Regular domain structures on the Y cuts of the LiNbO 3 substrates and Ti:LiNbO 3 waveguide structures based on these substrates have been fabricated under electron-beam irradiation. It has been revealed that the domains in undoped and titanium-doped LiNbO 3 crystals are formed as a result of different processes. It has been demonstrated using chemical etching and waveguide second-harmonic generation that regular domain structures in the Ti:LiNbO 3 waveguides are formed at a depth of approximately 8 μm from the surface, where the titanium concentration does not exceed 2 mol %. The quasi-synchronous waveguide optical second harmonic generation with an efficiency of 8.8% has been obtained using the fabricated structures.
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Kokhanchik et al. (2010) studied this question.
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