Real-time ultrasound-guided spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in patient with severe kyphoscoliosis and Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy - A case report -

Most elective cesarean sections are conducted under spinal anesthesia.Regional anesthesia has become the preferred technique because general anesthesia is associated with a greater risk of maternal morbidity and mortality [1].However, there are limitations when administering spinal anesthesia in patients with spinal deformity.Recent advancement and spread of ultrasound, allowed us to check the structures of spine and its surroundings.Preprocedural ultrasound evaluation of spine structure is beneficial, in facilitating central neuraxial block in patients with indistinct or impalpable surface, bony landmarks, or abnormal spinal anatomy [2-6], as it delineates the anatomy and allows for a more accurate estimation of the appropriate site and trajectory of needle insertion.We are reporting a successful spinal anesthesia using realtime ultrasound guidance, for cesarean section in a patient with a severe kyphoscoliosis and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. CASE REPORTA 41-year-old female patient was 33 weeks into pregnancy.Her height and weight were 145 cm and 45 kg.The patient was planned for emergency cesarean section due to cephalopelvic disproportion.Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia was planned since she was suffering from Duchenne's