How to identify old-growth forests in northern Europe: advice from science

This policy brief synthesizes scientific evidence on the ecology, structure, and natural dynamics of North-European (boreal and hemiboreal) old-growth forests (OGF), and provides clear, operational, science-based recommendations for implementing the European Commission’s OGF indicators in this region. According to the Commission guidelines, forest stands qualify as OGF if they fulfil the criteria of all three main indicators (recommendations 2-4) plus at least two complementary ones (5-8). This policy brief is based on peer-reviewed scientific publication1, and written for policymakers, public authorities, and stakeholders seeking objective, reliable guidance for identifying old-growth forests throughout Northern Europe.