What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate and contrast the multidimensional linguistic profiles—including syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, discourse cohesion, and readability—of EFL and ESL undergraduate argumentative essays.

September 17, 2026International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and DevelopmentOpen Access

A Corpus-Based Contrastive Study of EFL and ESL Argumentative Writing: Syntactic, Lexical, Cohesive, and Readability Profiles

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To evaluate and contrast the multidimensional linguistic profiles—including syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, discourse cohesion, and readability—of EFL and ESL undergraduate argumentative essays.
Analyzed a corpus of 264 timed argumentative essays written by Chinese EFL and Malaysian ESL undergraduates under identical conditions.
Assessed linguistic dimensions across syntactic, lexical, cohesive, and readability metrics using Coh-Metrix 3.0 computational tools.
ESL writers demonstrated greater textual maturity and register control, producing syntactically longer, more complex sentences with stronger referential cohesion and deep semantic coherence.
EFL writers exhibited higher lexical diversity scores alongside shorter essay lengths, reflecting loosely connected concepts and an over-reliance on explicit formulaic connectives to compensate for reduced implicit continuity.

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Implication

Corpus study reveals distinct syntactic, lexical, and cohesive profiles in EFL and ESL writers, highlighting the need for pedagogical focus on conceptual continuity over formulaic transitions.

Cite This Study

Liangshuan et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb6445f706d05830e4a9c https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v15-i3/28927

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Implication

Corpus study reveals distinct syntactic, lexical, and cohesive profiles in EFL and ESL writers, highlighting the need for pedagogical focus on conceptual continuity over formulaic transitions.

A Corpus-Based Contrastive Study of EFL and ESL Argumentative Writing: Syntactic, Lexical, Cohesive, and Readability Profiles

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

A Corpus-Based Contrastive Study of EFL and ESL Argumentative Writing: Syntactic, Lexical, Cohesive, and Readability Profiles

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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