Synapse
⌘+K
Synapse
PulseExploreClubsResearchersJournals
Instagram
HomeClubsExplore
September 17, 2026VaccinesOpen Access

Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Anti-N Seropositive and Seronegative Vaccinated Participants: Insights from the Bialystok PLUS Study

View Full Paper
Ask AI
Bookmark
Share

Authors

GTGabriela TrojanAMAnna Moniuszko-MalinowskaJAJustyna Adamczuk

Discussion

Loading...

Member takes

Overview

Cohort study reveals higher cellular immunity in anti-N seropositive vaccinated individuals, indicating that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection synergistically enhances vaccine-induced protection.

Key Points

  • To evaluate how prior SARS-CoV-2 infection influences cellular and humoral immune responses and to assess the correlation between antibody levels and cellular immunity in vaccinated individuals.
  • Analyzed 629 vaccinated participants from the Bialystok PLUS cohort, stratified into anti-N seronegative (n = 159) and anti-N seropositive (n = 470) groups.
  • Quantified humoral responses via anti-S and anti-N antibodies, and assessed cellular responses using an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay in a subset of 246 participants.
  • Evaluated differences and associations using Mann–Whitney U tests, Spearman’s rank correlations with Benjamini–Hochberg corrections, and multivariable linear regression adjusting for age and sex.
  • Anti-N-seropositive participants exhibited significantly higher cellular responses than anti-N-seronegative participants (median 1752.3 vs. 771.1; p < 0.001), maintaining a 3.57-fold higher geometric mean after age and sex adjustment (95% CI: 1.90–6.73; p < 0.001).
  • Anti-S antibody levels correlated moderately with cellular response in both seronegative (ρ = 0.45) and seropositive (ρ = 0.37) groups, remaining significant after multivariable adjustment.
  • Anti-N antibody titers and routine laboratory parameters showed no significant associations with cellular immune response after correction for multiple comparisons.

Cite This Study

Trojan et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb6725f706d05830e4f1chttps://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14090813
View Full Paper
Ask AI
Bookmark
Share

Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1The Effects of Past COVID-19 and Vaccination on Antibody Levels, Cellular Immunity, and Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells2026 · 1 citations
  2. 2Effect of Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Virus on Blood Cellular Composition2024
  3. 3Cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection and/or different vaccination regimens2024 · 5 citations
  4. 4Cellular response evaluation in immunosuppressed individuals to help guide monoclonal antibody COVID-19 prophylactic treatment administration2026
  5. 5Humoral Immune Response to Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Populations With and Without Prior COVID-19 Infection: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.2025