Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants

Pramod Pharande; J Middleton; Chris Cooper; Mohan Pammi; David A Osborn; Mohamed Abdellatif

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011529.pub2

September 16, 2026Cochrane library

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants

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Key Points

To evaluate the benefits and harms of vitamin D supplementation at cumulative daily doses of at least 200 IU for preventing vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 randomized, cluster-, and quasi-randomized controlled trials including 5,012 preterm and term low birth weight infants.
Evaluated vitamin D supplementation versus placebo or no supplementation, and higher-dose (≥ 800 IU/day) versus lower-dose (200 to < 800 IU/day) regimens using fixed-effect models and GRADE certainty criteria.
Vitamin D versus no supplementation in preterm infants probably reduced vitamin D deficiency (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.35; RD -0.28, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.21; NNTB 4) and may reduce insufficiency or deficiency (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.58; RD -0.38, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.29; NNTB 3).
Higher-dose versus lower-dose supplementation probably reduced deficiency (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.31; RD -0.13, 95% CI -0.17 to -0.09; NNTB 8) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.67; RD -0.17, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.09; NNTB 6), but probably increased vitamin D excess (RR 5.76, 95% CI 1.09 to 30.3; RD 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08; NNTH 25).
Higher versus lower doses showed little to no difference in osteopenia of prematurity (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.50) or bone mineral content (SMD 0.13, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.49).

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Implication

Systematic review demonstrates reduced vitamin D deficiency with supplementation in preterm infants, indicating higher doses lower deficiency further but increase risk of vitamin D excess.

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Pharande et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb6725f706d05830e4f2d https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd011529.pub2

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Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants

Key Points

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Cite This Study

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants

Key Points

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Implication

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Cite This Study

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