Community-based Tourism as a Rural Livelihood Strategy: Divergent Stakeholder Perceptions from Northern Vietnam

Community-based tourism (CBT) is a key strategy for sustainable rural development in Vietnam. This study compares the perceptions of homestay and non-homestay stakeholders in Lam Binh District to assess CBT’s impact on livelihoods, governance and community well-being. Using a mixed-methods approach—interviews, surveys and focus group discussion (FGD)—the research reveals both convergence and divergence in stakeholder views. While both groups recognise CBT’s contributions to income diversification, cultural preservation and community development, homestay stakeholders report greater involvement and support. In contrast, non-homestay participants cite limited participation, uneven benefits and rising costs of living. Despite these disparities, there is shared support for improved governance, inclusive planning and environmental sustainability. The study highlights the importance of addressing overlooked perspectives in CBT policymaking. It recommends expanding stakeholder participation, strengthening capacity-building and adopting more equitable tourism management practices to ensure long-term benefits for all community members.