Controlled experiment shows tailored nutrients and LED intensities optimize saponarin yields across barley cultivars, indicating potential for energy-efficient plant factory cultivation.
This study investigates the effect of nutrient composition and barley cultivars on saponarin production in young barley leaves (YBL) under low-intensity white LED light. Various treatments involving K 2 HPO 4 , NaCl, and salicylic acid (SA) were evaluated to be under 6500 K light with 210 PPFD. Among different nutrient combinations, 600 mg L -1 K 2 HPO 4 with 0.1% NaCl significantly enhanced saponarin concentration (12.3 g kg dw -1 ) and total saponarin amount per plant (150 µg plant -1 ). In addition, the effects of light intensity on saponarin production were also examined across six barley cultivars, and the high light intensity (500 PPFD) notably increased total saponarin amount (212 µg plant -1 ) in Keunal-bori than Hyenuri cultivars. Otherwise, Hyenuri cultivar showed the highest total saponarin amount (114 µg plant -1 ) at low light intensity (100 PPFD), as well as the highest electricity efficiency (201 mg kWh -1 ). These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing cultivation conditions for each cultivar in plant factories to maximize saponarin production while balancing energy consumption and metabolic efficiency.
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Oh et al. (2026) studied this question.
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