Whose agenda moves? Party composition and an apparent ‘regime turn’ in Turkish parliamentary questions (2002–2026)

When a democracy erodes from within, the opposition’s questions to government can seem to swing away from everyday policy and toward the defence of the rule of law itself. But does the opposition really move as one? Drawing on 262,816 written parliamentary questions filed in Turkey between 2002 and 2026, sorted into eighteen issue areas by a validated Turkish-language classifier, we trace how the agenda recomposes party by party. In the aggregate the expected turn appears: security recedes, rights climb. Yet the shift is predominantly compositional: the HDP, later DEM, enters parliament and grows in weight while becoming more rights-focused, whereas the main opposition party, present throughout, remains stable. Pooling the opposition makes a concentrated, predominantly compositional change appear opposition-wide; party-level analysis dissolves the appearance of a shared behavioural turn.