What question did this study set out to answer?

To identify and quantify the urinary metabolites of the food contaminant 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) in rats to clarify its metabolic routes and toxicological mechanisms.

September 17, 2026Archives of ToxicologyOpen Access

Characterization and quantitation of urinary metabolites of 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) in Wistar rats

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Authors

THThorsten HenningFederal Institute for Risk Assessment CGCornelius GoerdelerFederal Institute for Risk Assessment AEAhmed H. El‐KhatibFederal Institute for Risk Assessment

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Implication

Animal study reveals novel urinary metabolites of 2-MCPD in Wistar rats, indicating key detoxification pathways and potential reactive toxic intermediates.

Key Points

To identify and quantify the urinary metabolites of the food contaminant 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) in rats to clarify its metabolic routes and toxicological mechanisms.
Administered [13C3]2-MCPD (30 mg/kg bw) or unlabelled 2-MCPD (3 or 30 mg/kg bw) via oral gavage to male and female Wistar rats, collecting urine samples at 0–8 h, 8–24 h, and 24–48 h intervals.
Identified metabolites via 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and quantified abundant metabolites using isotope-dilution GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS.
Identified eight novel metabolites, consisting of phase II conjugation products (2-MCPD sulfate and 2-MCPD glucuronide) and six glutathione-derived breakdown products (TDGA, TNDGA, CMMLA, CMCG, CHEMA, and 2-COSHA).
Quantified primary urinary excretion products over 48 h after a 3 mg/kg bw dose: 2-chlorohydracrylic acid (30.4% male, 26.0% female), parent 2-MCPD (12.5% male, 11.6% female), TDGA (8.5% male, 8.1% female), and 2-MCPD sulfate (0.19% male, 0.23% female).
Accounted for at least 51.6% (male) and 45.9% (female) of the administered dose in urine, highlighting reactive intermediate pairs (2-chloroacetaldehyde/2-chloroacetic acid and 2-chlorolactaldehyde/2-ClHA) as probable drivers of organ toxicity.

Cite This Study

Henning et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb7275f706d05830e610e https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-026-04542-5

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Implication

Animal study reveals novel urinary metabolites of 2-MCPD in Wistar rats, indicating key detoxification pathways and potential reactive toxic intermediates.

Characterization and quantitation of urinary metabolites of 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) in Wistar rats

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Characterization and quantitation of urinary metabolites of 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) in Wistar rats

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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