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September 17, 2026COVIDOpen Access

COVID-19 and Appendicitis: Insights from a Retrospective Study

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Authors

VMVictoria McPhersonZBZella BerillASApryl Susi

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Overview

Retrospective cohort study reveals increased appendicitis risk following COVID-19 infection in military beneficiaries, indicating post-viral gastrointestinal inflammation.

Key Points

  • To evaluate whether COVID-19 infection is associated with an increased risk of appendicitis and to compare population-level incidence of appendicitis across three pandemic years to the pre-pandemic baseline.
  • Analyzed data from the Military Health System Data Repository across two designs: a 1:2 propensity score-matched cohort (N=753,138) and an unmatched cross-sectional cohort (N=10,402,021).
  • Estimated hazard ratios for appendicitis or appendectomy within one year of COVID-19 infection (July 2020 to June 2021) using conditional Cox proportional hazards models.
  • Calculated incident rate ratios for any appendicitis and complicated appendicitis across three pandemic years relative to one pre-pandemic year using Poisson regression.
  • COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with developing appendicitis or undergoing an appendectomy within one year of infection (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.26).
  • Population-level incident rate ratios for both any appendicitis and complicated appendicitis were significantly less than 1.0 during each individual pandemic year compared with the pre-pandemic year.

Cite This Study

McPherson et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb74e5f706d05830e63c0https://doi.org/10.3390/covid6090166
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Retrospective analysis of acute appendicitis in COVID-19 pandemic – A clinical study of 100 cases2024
  2. 2Acute Appendicitis Before, During, and After the Initial COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Single-Center Retrospective Review in Arizona2026
  3. 3Global Incidence of Appendectomy: A Population-Based Study of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development2026
  4. 4Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Complicated Appendicitis in a Tertiary Medical Center, Amman, Jordan. A retrospective cohort.2024 · 1 citations
  5. 5Navigating appendicitis care during the Covid-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in China2024 · 2 citations