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The semi-empirical quark model, SCQM, is applied to construct nuclei from light to heavy ones. Nucleons inside nuclei are bound due to linkages of SU(3) color fields of quarks. According to SCQM, the arrangement of nucleons within nuclei reveals the emergence of the face-centered cubic (FCC) symmetry. Binding of nucleons are provided by quark loops which form three and four nucleon virtual clusters.
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G. Musulmanbekov (2026) studied this question.
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