Key result
ASFV LNP-mRNA vaccines induce specific IgG and T cell responses in mice and pigs.
Why the study?
Development of safe and effective subunit vaccines for controlling ASFV infection has been hampered by lack of protective viral antigens, complex virion structures, and multiple infection mechanisms.
The study identifies and validates ASFV antigens for subunit mRNA cocktail vaccines that induce specific immune response profiles in mice and pigs, providing a basis for future challenge studies.
Supports antigen selection for ASFV mRNA vaccines; leaves open protective efficacy in challenge studies.
Development of safe and effective subunit vaccines for controlling African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) infection has been hampered by a lack of protective viral antigens, complex virion structures, and multiple mechanisms of infection. Here, we selected ASFV antigens based on their localization on the virion, known functions, and homologies to the subunits of the protective vaccinia virus vaccine. We also engineered viral capsid proteins for inducing optimal antibody responses and designed T cell-directed antigens for inducing broad and robust cellular immunity. The selected antigens in lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations were evaluated for immunogenicity in both mice and pigs with concordant results. Different antigens induced divergent immune response profiles, including the levels of IgG and T cell responses and effector functions of antisera. We further developed a computational approach to combine antigens into cocktails for inducing specific immune response profiles and to validate candidate cocktail vaccines in mice. Our results provide a basis for further evaluation of candidate subunit mRNA vaccines in challenge studies.
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Yuan et al. (2025) studied African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) infection. ASFV antigens in lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations was evaluated on Immunogenicity (IgG and T cell responses and effector functions of antisera). ASFV antigens in lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations induced specific IgG and T cell response profiles in mice and pigs, providing a basis for candidate subunit mRNA cocktail vaccines.
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