Key result
Higher total oxidant status links to ~16% greater CAD odds, while dietary inflammatory scores lack association.
Why the study?
Unhealthy diets with pro-inflammatory properties contribute to CAD, but the association of dietary inflammatory and antioxidant potential with CAD risk and severity remains unclear.
Are dietary inflammatory and antioxidant potential and systemic inflammatory/oxidative status associated with the risk and severity of coronary artery disease?
Cross-Sectional (n=158)
No
Are dietary inflammatory and antioxidant potential and systemic inflammatory/oxidative status associated with the risk and severity of coronary artery disease?
Odds Ratio: 0.92 (95% CI 0.7–1.22)
p-value: p=0.57
Systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress, but not dietary inflammatory or antioxidant scores, are associated with the angiographic presence and severity of coronary artery disease.
Oxidant status association with CAD is hypothesis-generating; dietary inflammatory scores show no link and require prospective validation before any clinical role.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Unhealthy diets have pro-inflammatory properties that have been shown to contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD). The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and the dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) quantify the anti-/pro-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of a diet. This study aims to investigate the association between the energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM), DAQS, oxidant/anti-oxidant biomarkers, and CAD risk and severity. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study investigated 158 participants for the presence and severity of CAD based on coronary angiography. E-DII and DAQS scores, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and conventional cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also calculated. No association was observed between the E-DII or DAQS and the presence or severity of CAD. Based on the final regression models, age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.07, P = 0.002), male sex (AOR = 5.02, P < 0.001), MAP (AOR = 1.03, P = 0.03), HDL-C (AOR = 1.04, P = 0.06) and hs-CRP (AOR = 1.06, P = 0.045) as well as TOS (AOR = 1.16, P = 0.03) and TAC (AOR = 1.51, P = 0.07) increased and GPX activity (AOR = 0.51, P = 0.07) decreased the odds of having CAD. Male sex (adjusted β (Aβ) =22.04, P < 0.001), age (Aβ = 0.87, P = 0.003), hs-CRP (Aβ = 0.72, P = 0.045) and TOS (Aβ = 2.75, P = 0.003) were associated with higher Gensini scores. Higher GPX activity (Aβ = -10.95, P = 0.03) was associated with lower Gensini scores. CONCLUSION: Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including TOS, TAC, and GPX activity, were associated with the presence, extent or severity of coronary atherosclerosis while no associations were observed for E-DII and DAQS scores.
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Namkhah et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Coronary artery disease (n=158). Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) vs. Lower E-DII scores was evaluated on Presence of coronary artery disease (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.70-1.22, p=0.57). Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and dietary antioxidant quality scores were not associated with the presence or severity of coronary artery disease, whereas higher total oxidant status increased the odds of having the disease (AOR 1.16).
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