Flexible piezoelectric accelerometers: Advances in material modification/composite strategies, structural multifunctionality, scalable fabrication and multi-scenario adaptability

Flexible piezoelectric accelerometers have attracted considerable attention for wearable healthcare, electronic skin, and human–machine interaction owing to their flexibility, self-powered operation, and rapid dynamic response. However, existing reviews mainly focus on individual materials or device structures, with limited consideration of the relationships among materials, structures, fabrication processes, and device performance. This review summarizes recent advances in flexible piezoelectric accelerometers within the framework of “piezoelectric mechanisms–material engineering–structural design–fabrication processes–application adaptation.” The effects of material composition, composite strategies, and structural architectures on piezoelectric performance, flexibility, sensitivity, and stability are discussed. Advanced fabrication technologies, including electrospinning, melt spinning, solution blow spinning, and melt electrowriting, are also reviewed, with emphasis on their roles in device performance and scalable manufacturing. Particular attention is given to the material–structure–process–performance relationship and application-oriented design. Finally, key challenges in material stability, scalable manufacturing, long-term reliability, and multi-scenario adaptability are discussed, with future perspectives toward material–structure–process co-design and intelligent multimodal integration.