Investigation of the Effect of Silicon Concentration on Biocompatibility and Bioactivity of Spray Pyrolyzed Bioactive Glass

Bioactive glass is a prominent biomaterial that can bind with both soft and hard tissues when in contact with body fluid. This study aims to find out how silicon concentration affects the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of bioactive glass. The 58S, 68S, and 76S BG particles were synthesized using a spray pyrolysis method. XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET were used to examine the phase composition, morphology, chemical identity, and specific surface area of BG powders. The ability of the specimens to generate apatite on their surface after being soaked in the simulated body fluid (SBF) was determined using an in vitro test to measure their bioactivity. To evaluate the bioactivity of the BG powders, the in vitro apatite formation was investigated using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Also, an in vitro cytotoxicity test was done using (MTT assay). A cell-growing environment was used to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity test based on different extraction concentrations of glass particles. The experimental results suggested that as silicon concentration in the BG increased, cell viability increased whereas bioactivity was reduced. Finally, the correlation between silicon content and cell viability and bioactivity was explored.