Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catharanthus roseus and Assessment of Antibacterial Properties

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Nanoparticle production has attracted attention because of its unique properties and broad variety of applications in environmental cleanup, materials research, and medicine. Due to its magnetic qualities, biocompatibility, and potential for application in biomedicine, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O₄) are highly prized among them. Traditional synthesis methods, however, often involve toxic chemicals and harsh conditions. This study explores a green synthesis approach using leaf extract of Cathar