Key result
Estradiol exerts biphasic effects on endothelial permeability, decreasing it via eNOS and increasing via iNOS.
Why the study?
The mechanisms by which estradiol modulates endothelial paracellular permeability via nitric oxide-related pathways were not fully understood.
Does estradiol modulate paracellular permeability in human endothelial cells?
Does estradiol modulate paracellular permeability in human endothelial cells?
Estradiol exerts a biphasic, concentration-dependent effect on endothelial paracellular permeability mediated by distinct NO synthase pathways.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
In vitro biphasic estrogen effects on permeability warrant no clinical change; leaves open NO mediation and in vivo relevance.
Estradiol had a biphasic effect on permeability across cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC): at nanomolar concentrations it decreased the HUVEC culture permeability, but at micromolar concentrations it increased the permeability. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the changes in permeability were mediated by nitric oxide (NO)-related mechanisms. The results revealed dual modulation of endothelial paracellular permeability by estrogen. 1) An endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-, NO-, and cGMP-related, Ca2+-dependent decrease in permeability was activated by nanomolar concentrations of estradiol, resulting in enhanced Cl- influx, increased cell size, and increases in the resistance of the lateral intercellular space (RLIS) and in the resistance of the tight junctions (RTJ); these effects appeared to be limited by the ability of cells to generate cGMP in response to NO. 2) An inducible NO synthase (iNOS)- and NO-related, Ca2+-independent increase in permeability was activated by micromolar concentrations of estradiol, resulting in enhanced Cl- efflux, decreased cell size, and decreased RLIS and RTJ. We conclude that the net effect on transendothelial permeability across HUVEC depends on the relative contributions of each of these two systems to the total paracellular resistance.
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Cho et al. (1999) studied this question. Estradiol was evaluated on Paracellular permeability. Estradiol had a biphasic effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cell permeability, decreasing it at nanomolar concentrations via eNOS and increasing it at micromolar concentrations via iNOS.
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