Lipid Peroxidation Markers in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Possible Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment

Figures

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  Fig.1. Box plot displaying the distribution of the data based on median and interquartile range showing differences in lipid peroxidation markers (A) LPH; (B) 8-ISO/LPH; (C) 4-HNE/LPH); (D) (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH between CAD patients without cognitive impairment (CAD controls; n = 89) and those with cognitive impairment (VaMCI group; n = 29). The LPH concentration was significantly lower in VaMCI group as compared of CAD controls, but the ratio between late to early stage lipid peroxidation markers were significantly greater in the VaMCI group as compared to CAD controls. Values are adjusted group mean±SD.

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  Fig.2. Scatterplot illustrating statistically significant associations between (A) 8-ISO concentration and change in verbal memory performance (R2 = 0.124, p = 0.033) following 24 weeks of exercise intervention and; (B) significant associations between executive function and 8-ISO (R2 = 0.137, p = 0.026), (C) 8-ISO/LPH (R2 = 0.154, p = 0.013) when adjusting for sex, BMI, years of education, and VO2 peak. Y-axis represents adjusted predicted value based on applied linear regression model.

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  Fig.3. Lipid peroxidation ratios might predict the effect of exercise on cognition. Box plot displaying the distribution of the data based on median and interquartile range showing that CAD patients who had lower OS levels at baseline, as determined by overall ratio of (A) (8-ISO+4-HNE) to LPH (F (1,64) = 6.690, p = 0.012) and (B) 8-ISO to LPH (F (1, 64) = 5.965, p = 0.017), demonstrated greater improvement in executive function performance following 24 weeks of exercise intervention in a model that included baseline cognitive score, VO2 peak, BMI, sex and years of education. Values are presented as adjusted group mean±SD.