Effective and efficient cooling has become a bottleneck for emerging high heat flux devices and systems from both performance and sustainability perspectives. For rapidly developing high-power microelectronic, avionic, and photonic systems, thermal management is essential to ensure high heat flux removal and performance. Two-phase cooling is a promising approach to efficiently remove heat from solid-state devices in a broad range of applications. To achieve the desired cooling capacity and energy efficiency, careful design of thermal management systems and their operation must be systematically investigated. In fact, very few reviews are available to aid in the design and transient operation of low-temperature, two-phase cooling systems for heat flux removal. This chapter reviews transient and active thermal management techniques in the literature. Recent progress on thermal management system modeling and active flow control are discussed in order to develop more advanced transient two-phase cooling systems.
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Tiejun Zhang (2015) studied this question.