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Light can wirelessly direct functional responses in photoresponsive polymeric materials and composites. The intensity, phase, and polarization of light can be spatially modulated into complex patterns with holography (intensity or polarization) or masking (intensity or phase). Deriving from these foundational properties of light, photoresponsive macromolecular systems exhibit exceeding potential to yield rapid and highly engineered macroscopic as well as spatially selectable mechanically adaptive responses useful as soft actuators or topographical surfaces in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical applications.
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Timothy J. White (2012) studied this question.
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