Key result
Drug therapy problems affect ~86% of non-dialysis CKD patients, driven primarily by excessive dosing.
Why the study?
There is a lack of information about drug therapy problems and their predictors among chronic kidney disease patients in Pakistan.
Cross-Sectional (n=303)
No
There is a high prevalence of drug therapy problems, particularly excessive dosing and adverse drug reactions, among non-dialysis CKD patients in Pakistan, highlighting the need for targeted clinical pharmacist interventions.
Alerts clinicians to frequent dosing errors and ADRs in non-dialysis CKD; leaves open whether pharmacist interventions improve outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Drug therapy problems (DTPs) are common among patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is a lack of information about DTPs and its predictors among CKD patients from Pakistan. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency, type and predictors of various types of DTPs among CKD patients at a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta between 1-11-2020 and 31-1-2021. It included 303 non-dialysis ambulatory patients of CKD-stage 3 and above. Cipolle et al., criterion was used for classifying the DTPs and a clinician at the study site checked the identified DTPs for accuracy. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23. Multivariate analysis was conducted to find the predictors of individual types of DTPs. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The patients received a total of 2265 drugs with a median of eight drugs per patient (range: 3-15 drugs). A total of 576 DTPs were identified among 86.1% patients with a median of two DTPs (interquartile range 1-3) per patient. Dosage too high (53.5%) was the most common DTP followed by adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (50.5%) and need of additional drug therapy (37.6%). In multivariate analysis, patients' age of >40 years emerged as a predictor of unnecessary drug therapy and dosage too high. The odds of needing a different drug product was significantly high in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). The dosage too low had significant association with CVD. The risk of ADRs was significantly high in elderly patients (>60 years) and those with CVD. The presence of hypertension, DM and CKD stage-5 emerged as predictors of dosage too high. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high prevalence of DTPs among CKD patients. Targeted interventions in high risk patients may reduce the frequency of DTPs at the study site.
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Hayat et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (n=303). Drug therapy for chronic kidney disease was evaluated on Frequency of drug therapy problems (DTPs). Among non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients, 86.1% experienced at least one drug therapy problem, most commonly dosage too high (53.5%) and adverse drug reactions (50.5%).
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