Key result
CV risk factors in young adults predict adverse vascular changes, primarily impacting small artery compliance.
Why the study?
Information is lacking on the correlates of vascular structure and function measures obtained simultaneously by different noninvasive methods in asymptomatic young adults.
Cross-Sectional (n=518)
In asymptomatic young adults, traditional cardiovascular risk factors are already associated with adverse changes in vascular structure and function, highlighting the importance of early preventive cardiology.
Vascular correlates in younger black adults remain hypothesis-generating; prospective studies needed before informing risk assessment or practice.
Background Adverse changes in arterial structure and function, independent predictors of cardiovascular (CV) disease morbidity and mortality, are known to be associated with CV risk factors, especially in middle-aged and older adults. Although noninvasive studies in this regard are beginning to emerge in a younger age population, information is lacking on the correlates of measures of vascular structure and function obtained simultaneously by different noninvasive methods. Methods In 518 black and white subjects (72% white, 44% male) aged 27 to 43 years, vascular structure and function were measured in terms of (1) carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), (2) aorta-femoral pulse wave velocity (af-PWV), and (3) pulsatile arterial function in terms of large (C1) and small (C2) artery compliances. Results Blacks vs whites and males vs females had higher carotid IMT; blacks vs whites higher af-PWV; and blacks vs whites and females vs males lower C1 and C2. In a multivariate regression model, significant predictors in the order of entry into the model were systolic blood pressure, male gender, age, cigarette smoking, and LDL cholesterol for carotid IMT (R2 = .189); systolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cigarette smoking, and age for af-PWV (R2 = .200); systolic blood pressure, female gender and HOMA-IR for C1 (R2 = .258); and systolic blood pressure, female gender, age, diastolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, triglycerides, and black race for C2 (R2 = .394). Conclusion In asymptomatic young adults, CV risk factors influence adversely measures of both structure and function of the vasculature to varying degrees, with small artery compliance showing maximum variance. As part of preventive cardiology, assessment of structure/function measures of the vasculature by simple noninvasive methods may be helpful in identifying early vascular damage in a high-risk young population group.
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Bhuiyan et al. (2006) conducted a cross-sectional in Asymptomatic young adults (n=518). Cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated on Vascular structure and function (carotid IMT, af-PWV, C1, and C2). In asymptomatic young adults, cardiovascular risk factors significantly predicted adverse vascular structure and function, with small artery compliance showing the maximum variance (R2 = 0.394).
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