The dc and ac conductivities of Mn-doped ZnO were investigated at temperatures from 10 to 100 K. The temperature dependence of the dc conductivity from 10 to 100 K shows an abrupt change at ∼18 K, manifesting a much lower activation energy for conduction below 18 K. From 10 to 18 K, the ac conductivity, σac(ω), varies as σac(ω)=Aωs in the frequency range from 102 to 106 Hz with s in the range of 0.6–1. The dc and ac conductivity observations suggest that the dominant conduction mechanism at temperatures between 10 to 18 K in these samples is a hopping conduction.
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Han et al. (2003) studied this question.
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