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Contributions from trees may represent an important part of wireless communication channels in outdoor environments. For this reason, a simple ray-based model for scattering by tree branches has been developed and implemented in a pre-existent ray-tracing tool. In addition to the new rays created by scattering, an empirical attenuation model has also been implemented. Simulations have been validated with measurements in a campus scenario where several trees where present alongside the propagation environment. Received power results show an increase in accuracy when accounting for trees.
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Mani et al. (2012) studied this question.
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