TiO2 supported gold nanoparticles with low loading (0.5 mol%) are able to semihydrogenate non-fluorinated and gem-difluorinated alkynes to cis-alkenes with high selectivity, using cost-effective and easy-to-handle ammonium formate as the reductant. No over-reduction was observed. The good recyclability of Au/TiO2 allows for "green" semireduction of alkynes. A difluorinated pyran and α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone were easily prepared from the obtained gem-difluoro alkene building blocks.
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Liang et al. (2016) studied this question.
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