To Study Granulation Tissue Regeneration Using Intralesional Insulin Injection in Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant complication of diabetes, often leading to prolonged healing times, infections, and increased risk of amputation. Despite advancements in wound care, managing DFUs remains challenging due to the impaired wound healing process in diabetic patients. Insulin has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent in enhancing wound healing. Methods: A prospective, interventional study was conducted at Dr DY Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, involving 74 patients with DFUs. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: intralesional insulin (n = 25), topical insulin (n = 25), and a control group receiving standard care (n = 24). Wound healing was assessed by measuring the ulcer size on day 1 and day 12, along with the percentage reduction in ulcer size. Safety was evaluated by monitoring hypoglycemia episodes across all groups. Results: The intralesional insulin group demonstrated the most significant reduction in ulcer size (mean reduction of 49.76%) compared to the topical insulin group (35.00%) and the control group (17.54%). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). No hypoglycemia episodes were reported in any treatment group, indicating that insulin therapies were well tolerated and safe. Conclusion: Intralesional insulin significantly accelerates wound healing in DFUs compared to topical insulin and standard care, without inducing hypoglycemia. These findings suggest that intralesional insulin may be a valuable adjunctive therapy in the management of DFUs, offering improved clinical outcomes and safety.